the strategy of recruiting what was originally the action predication construction for nonprototypical predication. It is presumed that an originally action predication construction lacks an auxiliary, and it expresses certain grammatical categories, in particular person indexation and negation. Example: Nahuatl ni-ti:citl [1sg-doctor] I am a doctor recruits the action predication construction for object predication; cf. ni-cho:ca [1sg-cry] I am crying. (Section 10.2)